MATERIALS · STAINLESS STEEL
AISI 410 / 1.4006. SS410 is the basic 12% chromium martensitic stainless steel. It can be hardened by quenching and tempering to strengths well above the austenitic grades, with moderate corrosion resistance suited to fresh water, steam, foods and mild acids. It is magnetic in all conditions and gives its best corrosion resistance in the hardened condition.
DENSITY
7.75 g/cm³HARDNESS
220 HB max annealedTENSILE STRENGTH
480 min MPaMACHINABILITY
Good (60%)TURNING, CARBIDE
130–220 m/minCALCULATOR
Enter your part size and your own rates. Density and a starting cutting speed are filled in for this material.
EQUIVALENT GRADES
Nearest equivalents across standards. Check the exact standard on critical parts.
| Standard | Grade |
|---|---|
| AISI/SAE | 410 |
| UNS | S41000 |
| EN / W.Nr | X12Cr13 / 1.4006 |
| IS | X12Cr13 (IS 6603:2024; X12Cr12 in IS 6603:2001) |
| JIS | SUS410 |
| BS | 410S21 |
Also known as: 410, 1.4006, X12Cr13, SUS410, 410S21, 12% chromium stainless
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
| Element | Weight % |
|---|---|
| C | 0.08–0.15 (EN 10088-3, IS 6603); ≤0.15 (ASTM A276) |
| Si | ≤1.00 |
| Mn | ≤1.50 (EN 10088-3, IS 6603); ≤1.00 (ASTM) |
| P | ≤0.040 |
| S | ≤0.030 (ASTM A276, IS 6603) |
| Cr | 11.5–13.5 |
| Ni | ≤0.75 |
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
| Condition | Annealed bar (ASTM A276 Condition A, cold finished; EN 10088-3 +A). Hardened and tempered QT650 (EN 10088-3) in brackets |
| Tensile strength (MPa) | 480 min, 730 max (EN +A) [QT650: 650–850] |
| Yield strength (MPa) | 275 min [QT650: 450 min] |
| Elongation (%) | 16 min [QT650: 15 min] |
| Hardness | 220 HB max annealed (EN +A); about 42 HRC when hardened and low-tempered |
| Density (g/cm³) | 7.75 |
MACHINING
| Turning, carbide (m/min) | 130–220 |
| Turning, HSS (m/min) | 28–45 |
| Machinability | Good (annealed), 60% (AISI B1112 = 100% (published figures 54–60%)) |
Annealed 410 (220 HB max) machines much like a carbon steel of similar hardness, but machining becomes difficult once it is hardened above about 30 HRC. Do the bulk of the cutting in the annealed or highly tempered condition, then harden and finish by grinding where tolerances are tight. Carbide grades meant for steels (the 'complex' grades containing titanium or niobium carbides) suit martensitic stainless better than the straight tungsten-carbide grades used for austenitics. Keep tools sharp and use generous coolant. For long runs of simple turned parts, consider free-machining 416 instead.
APPLICATIONS
INDUSTRIES THAT USE IT
PROCESSING
| Heat treatment | Full anneal at 815–900 °C with slow furnace cooling, or process anneal at 650–760 °C and air cool. Harden from 925–1010 °C by oil or air quenching (oil for heavy sections), then temper; avoid tempering at about 400–580 °C, where impact toughness drops. |
| Welding | Weldable with care: preheat to about 150–260 °C and use 410 (or 410NiMo) filler followed by post-weld heat treatment, or 309L filler where a ductile as-welded joint is acceptable. |
| Supplied as | Round bar, Sheet, Strip |
QUESTIONS
Yes. 410 is a martensitic stainless steel and is magnetic in both the annealed and hardened conditions, unlike annealed 304 or 316.
Hardened from about 925–1010 °C and tempered at a low temperature, 410 reaches roughly 400 HB (about 42 HRC) with tensile strength around 1470 MPa. Higher tempering temperatures trade hardness for toughness, and tempering at about 400–580 °C should be avoided because impact toughness drops.
416 is the free-machining version of 410 with added sulphur, rated about 85% against roughly 60% for 410 (B1112 = 100%). Choose 410 when corrosion resistance or weldability matters, and 416 for high-volume turned parts where its lower corrosion resistance is acceptable.
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Data reviewed 2026-10-02 against:
Typical values for reference. Always check the mill certificate and the standard your customer specifies.
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