MATERIALS · TITANIUM
ASTM Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V), annealed. Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) is an alpha-beta titanium alloy with about 6% aluminium and 4% vanadium, and it is the most widely used titanium alloy. It offers high strength at a little over half the density of steel, excellent corrosion resistance and service up to about 350–400 °C, but it is costly and slow to machine.
DENSITY
4.43 g/cm³HARDNESS
30–36 HRCTENSILE STRENGTH
895–1000 MPaMACHINABILITY
Poor (22%)TURNING, CARBIDE
45–70 m/minCALCULATOR
Enter your part size and your own rates. Density and a starting cutting speed are filled in for this material.
EQUIVALENT GRADES
Nearest equivalents across standards. Check the exact standard on critical parts.
| Standard | Grade |
|---|---|
| UNS | R56400 |
| ASTM | B348 Grade 5 (bar) / B265 Grade 5 (sheet, plate) |
| AMS | 4928 (bar, annealed) / 4911 (sheet, plate) |
Also known as: Ti-6Al-4V, Ti6Al4V, Ti64, Ti 6-4, Grade 5, TC4, R56400
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
| Element | Weight % |
|---|---|
| Al | 5.50–6.75 |
| V | 3.50–4.50 |
| Fe | 0–0.40 |
| O | 0–0.20 |
| C | 0–0.08 |
| N | 0–0.05 |
| H | 0–0.015 |
| Ti | Balance |
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
| Condition | Annealed, bar to ASTM B348 (ranges run from specification minimum to typical value) |
| Tensile strength (MPa) | 895–1000 |
| Yield strength (MPa) | 828–910 |
| Elongation (%) | 10–18 |
| Hardness | 30–36 HRC |
| Density (g/cm³) | 4.43 |
MACHINING
| Turning, carbide (m/min) | 45–70 |
| Turning, HSS (m/min) | 12–20 |
| Machinability | Poor, 22% (22% of AISI B1112 free-machining steel (Carpenter/Dynamet datasheet); other machining references give about 17–22%.) |
Ti-6Al-4V conducts heat poorly, so heat stays at the cutting edge and surface speed is the main thing to control. Start low (about 45–70 m/min with carbide), use a heavy, constant feed, and never let the tool dwell or rub, as this work-hardens the surface and causes galling and smearing. Use sharp, fine-grain uncoated or PVD-coated carbide with a positive rake, short overhang and a rigid setup to prevent chatter. Flood or high-pressure non-chlorinated coolant is essential. Change edges at the first sign of wear, since failure follows quickly. Collect fine chips separately, as titanium chips can ignite.
APPLICATIONS
INDUSTRIES THAT USE IT
PROCESSING
| Heat treatment | Usually supplied mill-annealed (about 730 °C, then slow cooled). It can be solution treated (about 904–954 °C, water quench) and aged (about 538 °C for 4 h) for higher strength, which is effective in sections up to about 25 mm. |
| Welding | Fair: weldable by TIG with matching Ti-6Al-4V (ERTi-5) filler under full inert-gas shielding to prevent oxygen pick-up and embrittlement. |
| Supplied as | Round bar, Plate, Sheet, Wire, Forgings, Seamless tube |
QUESTIONS
Yes. ASTM Grade 5 (UNS R56400) is Ti-6Al-4V, also called Ti64 or Ti 6-4. Grade 23 (Ti-6Al-4V ELI) is a lower-oxygen version with better ductility and fracture toughness, used mainly for implants and fracture-critical parts.
It conducts heat poorly (about 7 W/m·K), so heat concentrates at the cutting edge; it also springs away from the tool because of its low elastic modulus and reacts with tool materials at high temperature. Its machinability is about 22% of free-machining steel, so it is cut at low speed with heavy feeds and plenty of coolant.
Grade 2 is commercially pure titanium: easier to form and weld, with a tensile strength of about 345 MPa. Grade 5 is roughly 2.5–3 times stronger (about 900–1000 MPa) but less formable and harder to machine, so it is used where strength matters.
RELATED MATERIALS
STAINLESS STEEL
AISI 303 / 1.4305 · 8 g/cm³
STAINLESS STEEL
AISI 304 / 1.4301 · 8 g/cm³
STAINLESS STEEL
AISI 316 / 316L / 1.4401 / 1.4404 · 8 g/cm³
STAINLESS STEEL
AISI 410 / 1.4006 · 7.75 g/cm³
STAINLESS STEEL
AISI 630 (17-4 PH) / 1.4542 · 7.75 g/cm³
ALUMINIUM
AA 6061-T6 · 2.7 g/cm³
Data reviewed 2026-10-02 against:
Typical values for reference. Always check the mill certificate and the standard your customer specifies.
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